Definition
A VLAN is a way to create several isolated logical networks on one physical network. Devices on the same switch cannot see each other if they are in different VLANs; traffic between them passes only as far as the firewall allows. Typical separation: office PCs, servers, cameras, guest Wi-Fi, printers, production line. Malware on a guest device cannot reach the server, and a camera vulnerability does not endanger the office network. No new cabling is needed; managed switches and correct tagging are enough. It is a basic step of any business network installation.
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Every network installation includes a VLAN plan: which device belongs to which zone and which rules apply between zones. The plan is handed over in writing together with the IP scheme.